C++ Programming

C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi -paradigm, complied, general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as "middle-level" language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level features. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs as an enhancement to the C language and originally named C with classes.It was renamed C++ in 1983.

According to Stroustrup" the name signifies the evolutionary nature of the changes from C". During C++'s development period, the language  have been referred to as "new C" then "C with Classes". The final name is credited to Rick Mascitti (mid-1983) and was first used in December 1983. When Mascitti was questioned informally in 1992 about the naming, he indicated that it was given in a tongue in cheek spirit. It stems from C's "++" operator (which Increments the value of variable) and a common naming convention of using "+" yo indicate an enhanced computer program.

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Philosophy

In the design and evaluation of C++ (1994), Bjarne Stroustrup describes some rules that he used for the design of C++:programming environment

• C++ is designed to be statically typed, general-purpose language that is as efficient and portable as C.
• C++ is designed to directly and comprehensively support multiple programming styles (procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, generic programming) 
• C++ is designed to give the programmer choice, even if this makes it possible for the programmer to choose incorrectly.
• C++ designed to be compatible with C as possible, therefore providing a smooth transition from C.
• C++ avoids features that are platform specific or not general purpose.
• C++ does not incur overhead for features that are not used(the "zero-overhead principle").
• C++ is designed to function without a sophisticated programming environment